Personal, learning & thinking skills Essay

To provide the highest level of personal care (toileting, bathing etc) and attention to residents, following individual care plans carefully and ensuring that all contact is polite, friendly warm and supportive. To act as a key worker for a named group of residents, ensuring that these responsibilities are carried out in full (as defined in the training manual). To understand and comply with all statutory and legal requirements which are relevant such as Health & safety, COSSH, all aspects of the health & social care Act, to maintain a safe enviroment throughout the home. Understand and have an awareness of infection control. To always be alert to residents physical and mental well being, immediately reporting and changes in a residents condition to a senior person on duty, and to accurately maintain and update residents records as required. To respect and maintain confidentiality of residents personal information at all times, this includes residents behaviour and actions and any incidents that may occur in the course of day to day care. Be understanding and patient towards residents and their needs, and encourage, assist and support residents to  participate in lesiure activities as appropriate to the individual, ensuring their social and emotional needs are met. This also includes escorting residents to outside appoinments and leisure outings. Responsible for making and changing bed, tidying residents rooms (with the residents permission) undertaking light cleaning duties as needed and generally assisting in ensuring that the Home is kept clean, pleasant and wecoming at all times. Helping to serve meals and drinks at meal times and other times when required, taking care to present meals and refreshment in an attractive way, with polite and courteous service. Also, to provide the appropriate level of support and helping new team members as appropriate, ensuring that the Care Home is a friendly and supportive working enviroment.

The Differences Between Internal And External Auditors Accounting Essay

The statue of internal and external hearers in company is different. Internal hearer is integrated to the trade company or an external specialised company or in other words is an employee to the company. However external hearer merely integrated to external specialised company and is an independent individual. Besides, internal and external hearer besides differs in end and auditing process. For internal hearer, they monitor the direction and cheque of the legal conformity of the fiscal statement. They besides make appropriate recommendation for the betterment administration procedure. For external hearer, they identify and certify the fiscal statement. Besides, they besides evaluate the internal control system but this is merely valid for fiscal accounting elements. Next, the range of the audit is different every bit good. The range of internal hearer is big which can cover the whole company ‘s map. But for external hearer, the range is focal points on confirmation the issues that determine the fiscal standing and company ‘s public presentation. Furthermore, the on the job period of audit is besides different. For internal hearer, they can hold lasting activity within the trade companies which is harmonizing to the article of association. For external hearer, the marks are fitfully organized and at suited minutes for the enfranchisement of histories. There is difference between internal and external hearer in term of their independency. Internal hearer is comparatively independence. But in other instance, if the internal auditing is performed by a 3rd company, they have the independency particular to the free-lances. For external hearer, they are independent to its client as representative of a free profession and regulated lawfully and statutory. Furthermore, internal and external hearer besides use different scrutinizing criterion. Internal hearers may follow GAAS criterion and sometimes they may follow IIA criterion or they may non follow any other particular criterion. However, external hearers are required to follow by and large accepted auditing criterions or international auditing criterions, but internal hearers do non. Guidance brand by internal hearer is different with external hearer as good. Internal hearer will give suggestion to the direction for the betterment of concern whereas external hearer does non necessitate to supply suggestion unless he was asked. Besides they besides have different responsibilities. Internal hearer primary responsibility is to happen frauds and mistakes whereas external hearer has to find the concluding histories on whether it was true. If company found any error made by internal hearer, they can be removed by direction. For external hearer, they can be removed by stockholders. Fiscal statements were made by companies. Investors, creditors and bankers can do usage of the company ‘s fiscal statements to do their operating determination. Auditing exists in order to do user trust on these fiscal statement, place the fidelity of fiscal statement, and assist the user make concluding determination. The users can non reexamine and place each history in the fiscal statements by themselves although the users have to depend on the fiscal statements to do their determinations. Users depend on fiscal statements so much. But they would non hold adequate abilities and competency to make so even if they could make so. These fiscal statements are audited by independent and intelligent comptrollers or CPAs. Hearers will sporadically analyze each history in the fiscal statements for the application of users. For illustration, hearers will present a formal mail to the Bankss to look into the balances of hard currency or plus and note collectible or liability history. Besides, they will besides direct a mail to the providers and clients of companies to analyze the balance of histories receivable and histories collectible. In short, hearers are the user ‘s representatives to analyze the fiscal statements of studies. The users can non find whether the fiscal statements are faithful and dependable to show their fiscal place and public presentation if without scrutinizing. Hearers should supply with adequate accounting, and others related cognition. When there are new Torahs and ordinances, they have to accept related preparation and motive. Hearers should hold the character of honest, unsloped, and independent. They can non be influenced by the others in the companies. Besides, hearers besides must hold adequate abilities and competency. There will hold an exam held sporadically to prove whether comptrollers have plenty related cognition. Therefore, we can hold a high criterion of hearers. The cost of scrutinizing depends on the company ‘s net income. The cost of scrutinizing may besides increase if gross revenues incurred in a company turn up continuously and vice-versa. The cost of scrutinizing is high, but we can hold a high criterion and demand for our hearers. Therefore, a company is willing to pay for this dearly-won expertness. We can to the full mention to their sentiments in the fiscal statements because the hearers are trustable and dependable. Mentioning to their sentiments, we can cognize whether companies overstate or understate their plus and liabilities and whether their statements are faithful. With their sentiments, we can make up one's mind whether to depend on these fiscal statements to do our determinations. If the consequences of fiscal statements are trustable, this means the company did non exaggerate or minimize their histories. Therefore, we can utilize its fiscal statements to do our determination. hypertext transfer protocol: //feaa.ucv.ro/AUCSSE/0036v3-027.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //studypoints.blogspot.com/2011/09/what-is-difference-between-internal_775.html hypertext transfer protocol: //yuhanlo.blogspot.com/2006/01/importance-of-auditing.html

Politics and the English Language Answers Essay

In Orwell’s essay Politics and the English Language, Orwell expresses his raw opinion on the deterioration of the English language and how politics is a cause for the â€Å"vagueness and incompetence† that writing has succumbed too. Though the title of the essay introduces politics first and the English language last, Orwell’s thesis seems to consist of neither; it consists of the silliness of modern human writing. He states in the second paragraph, â€Å"It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts.† His thesis is a broad statement that engulfs the horrible habits of politicians who use pre-made phrases that ultimately lead to a passage that makes no sense at all. Orwell discusses his view on the English Language after he scrutinizes several passages that he uses as examples throughout the essay. With these examples, he explains the quality of writing that is used commonly throughout writers using modern English. From start to finish of his essay, Orwell analyzes the mistakes, bad habits, inability to express meaning in writing pieces. On page two, Orwell says, â€Å"The writer either has a meaning and cannot express it, or he inadvertently says something else, or he is almost indifferent as to whether his words mean anything or not. This mixture of vagueness and sheer incompetence is the most marked characteristic of modern English†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite Orwell’s expression of the negatives in writing today, he isn’t completely hopeless; for he gives solutions and tips on how to overcome poor writing habits. Throughout his explanation and argument, Orwell stresses the incompetence, vagueness, and carelessness in writing that is commonly used in literary expositions. Orwell goes on to list general problems with writing techniques and the appearance of meaning clarity. First, he talks about the use of dying metaphors. In this paragraph, Orwell explains that people use these dying metaphors â€Å"because they save people from inventing phrases for themselves.† He analyzes the use of these metapho rs and how some are sucked out of their original meanings without the writer noticing themselves; completely altering the meaning of the metaphor or text. Next, Orwell describes the use of â€Å"verbal false limbs,† or the use of more syllables in a sentence to show symmetry. He notes that people use fancy, pre-made phrases  to replace simple conjunctions and prepositions to cushion their sentences. These pre-made phrases are used almost instantly and can ruin the meaning and clarity a text almost indefinitely. Third, Orwell goes on about the use of pretentious diction used mainly by political, scientific, and sociological writers. Pretentious diction is explained to be the use of trendy, foreign phrases and sophisticated words to show culture and elegancy. But Orwell argues that these fancy phrases are â€Å"an increase in slovenliness and vagueness† in writing. Lastly, Orwell talks about the abuse of meaningless words. He explains that writers may use a word has one meaning, but they use it in a text dishonestly with their own personal definition. These poor habits of writing are seen continuously and exemplify the demise of the English Language. Orwell’s issues are valid because the vagueness and meaningless texts are examples of the ha bits and mind of the writer. its because of the poor writing habits that Orwell says, â€Å"it consists in gumming together long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else, making the results presentable by sheer humbug.† Overall, Orwell explains the negative aspects of writing and writing habits in the modern English Language. However, Orwell remains hopeful about the improvement and changes of writing. Throughout his essay, Orwell continuously stresses the deterioration of the English Language and the vagueness and meaninglessness modern literacy. He presents six questions that every writer should ask themselves while writing: â€Å"What am I trying to say? What words will express it? What image or idiom will make it clearer? Is this image fresh enough to have an effect?†¦Could I put it more shortly? Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly?† Not only does he present these questions writing, he gives six quick tips to break bad habits in writing. He explains that writers should never use any type of figurative speech that is seen regularly in print, should use short words instead of long words, for writers to throw out useless words, to use the active if you can replace the passive an d to use everyday English instead of foreign phrases or scientific words. As Orwell’s last tip, he says â€Å"break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.† Orwell feels that breaking poor writing habits and following these tricks will allow anyone to achieve meaningful and clear writing. â€Å"The great enemy of clear language is insincerity.† (59) Orwell displays several different passages in his text  that are unclear and vague to even the writer. By being unclear, one can falsify the meaning of their writing, making it insincere. This quote from Orwell’s essay is a prime example of why clarity is so important in writing, especially for politicians who often use pre-made phrases, assuring vagueness and loss of meaning. Orwell writes in his essay, â€Å"†¦ready-made phrases†¦will perform the important service of partially concealing your meaning even from yourself.† This quote explains how important it is to be clear in writing the English Language so that words written are truthful and clear to the read and to the writer themselves. â€Å"But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.† (59) Orwell’s quote about thoughts and language corrupting each other brings us back to the thesis of his essay: â€Å"it becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts.† Through these two quotes, Orwell expresses that the deterioration of the English language and of the writing skills makes it easier for us have corrupt our minds with ugly thoughts. These ugly thoughts allow us to have corrupt language; making it both language and our human thoughts to blame. The longer we use poor language, the easier and faster it will get stuck in our minds and thoughts. The longer these ill habits of writing are imprinted in our minds, the easier it is to have foolish thoughts to cause more corrupt writing.

Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Decisions - Essay Example This also takes into consideration the fact that decision-making is impossible to be the same in every organisation of a country, in spite of similar culture. But on the whole, it would be more or less identical and definitely, it would be totally different from organisations of another culture. Various cultures have different ways of approaching a problem and solving it. It could a participatory method or the time-honoured authoritative approach, or the decision-making might involve a group, or the topmost manager could take the total responsibility of it on his shoulders. Country related cultural factors like high or low masculinity, weak and strong uncertainty avoidance, and different ways of assessing the problem can all affect the process of decision making. Even if the outcome could be poles apart, the steps of decision making are more or less the same: identifying the problem, criteria, and allocation of weights to criteria and the final decision. If problems are framed to two people, it would definitely result in at least slightly different solutions and it is not surprising that two countries with diverse backgrounds, race and culture should have organisations that would take unidentical decisions in solving a management problem3. Defining the problem itself could be from absolutely dissimilar angles. From the decision-making point of view, a wrong diagnosis of the problem could definitely lead into wrong decision-making. Sometimes managers act without complete knowledge of the problem in haste4. Identifying the relevant criteria is the next step of decision-making. Judging the weight of the criteria, so that the decision could be taken accordingly is another step. Before making a decision, it is absolutely necessary to look at the alternatives and apply them to the criteria and assess and decide on the best-suited alternative under the circumstances. If alternatives are not considered, there is always a mischance of leavin g aside a better option. Rating each alternative against each criterion is the best way of taking a decision. Only after that, a decision could be arrived at and before the final decision, its credibility, far reaching affect and its suitability should be assessed. US AND JAPAN These two countries are absolutely different from one another in race, culture and outlook. Japanese had enormous success in industrial and technological field and since then they are pitted against United States in decision making. There is a crucial point that US has a top-down decision making process, where decisions come down from the top level and the rest are expected to follow it verbatim. But Japanese still believe in conventional society, and here the decisions are made at the operating level, 'a sort of bottom-up process' and such decisions are supported and approved by the organisation at all levels. There had been speculations in both countries about the success of the other's economy and researches have gone into the decision-maki

How to drive defensively Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to drive defensively - Essay Example learning to ride a motorcycle it was necessary for me to always remember that other people were unlikely to see me due to the fact that I took up such a small place on the road. With this in mind, I would oftentimes remind myself that I was in fact invisible once I was on the road. In this way, I was sure to be able to anticipate the actions and maneuvers of erratic drivers that necessarily existed on the roads (Gravelle 16). Furthermore, when I would transition to driving the car, I would oftentimes forget that I was not still on the motorcycle and was able to still keep the invisibility frame of mind open with respect to driving the car. Although it is somewhat silly, this frame of mind is an integral part of what defensive driving involves. As such, defensive driving involves the correct frame of mind, a cognizance that other drivers might do the unexpected, and a perpetual state of alertness. With respect to the perpetual state of alertness, it is easy for one to become preoccupied by the many distractions that exist both on the road and inside the vehicle (Lithing 12). For instance, answering a cell phone, speaking with a friend in the passenger or back seat, straining to find an address or attempting to read a sign or billboard, changing a radio station or selecting a particular song from a playlist, even flirting with the occupant of the car beside you in traffic are all prime examples of just a few of the many ways that a driver can be distracted. Similarly, this distraction does not only apply to the driver who is fighting to maintain a focus, but also to those drivers with whom the defensive driver is trying to avoid and/or anticipate. This leads us to the last component of defensive driving – anticipation. As previously discussed, the tools that have been presented revolve around the driver keeping a correct frame of mind and avoiding distraction. As such, both of these skills rationally lead up to the concept of anticipation (Williams 4).

To What Extent Does Corporate Social Responsibility Increase Research Paper

To What Extent Does Corporate Social Responsibility Increase Profitability - Research Paper Example As the research topic suggests the primary aim and objective of this research study would be to find out various means through which CSR activities followed by business organizations can help to increase its revenue generation and thereby increasing its profits as well. The main objective of any organization is to maximize the wealth of its stakeholders. However, it has been observed that most of the firms are mostly concerned about their shareholders and undertakes different activities which lead to the increasing value of its shareholders. CSR has had a renewed attention in recent times mainly because of the facts that apart from shareholders different other stakeholders of the company like its creditors, customers and the external environment of the firm as a whole are having a significant impact caused by the various activities carried on by the business firms. CSR has become a means of sustainability for most of the organizations which can lead to its growth and development in f uture. Hence this research study would try to find out the relationship between CSR and profitability of a company and how CSR activities can lead to the increase in its profitability.2. Literature ReviewThe literature review section of this research study would try to find out the existing literature in the field of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, it would also try to find out what the researchers have to say regarding the relationship of CSR and profitability of a company.

Strategic Management in the Financial Crisis Essay

Strategic Management in the Financial Crisis - Essay Example The study Strategic Management in the Financial Crisis explores the period of the great credit crisis that first had a toll on the United States’ financial sector before other parts of the globe had its impact. This may have been because of various issues of failure within companies that even made them fail to meet targets before the financial crisis period. With the resource utilization reaching the maximum limits compounded further by a relatively high wage rate, most enterprises were feeling the pinch in the reduction of their rates of return. The widening of international trade and the strengthening of global capital flows have led to a significant rise in cross-border assets and liabilities, as well as to financial linkages across countries and regions. The key implications of such developments have been a wider spread of shocks and stronger co-movements in macroeconomic variables. There are various issues that have been raised and a major one has been that of the failure of corporate governance as shall be discussed in the paper. It is clear that good corporate governance actually operates effectively in two distinct areas which may include measures put in place to guard against opportunistic or conflicted behaviour by financial technocrats with aims of maximizing wealth. According to good management principles, corporate governance best practice is important and essential for the protection of shareholders and other stakeholders against the often conflicting interests of dealers in the financial sector. Blundell-Wignall et al (2009) point out the need to clarify the responsibilities of regulatory institutions and to restore confidence in the integrity of financial institutions. Independent audits of financial statements provide a check against fraud, and a verified overview of financial evolution of the business. Blundell-Wignall et al (2009) also state that considerable flexibility should be envisaged as regards liquidity management. Quantitative measures and indicators should be integrated into the process in proportion to the degree that they are robust and operational. There is an overall bias in many countries' tax systems which work to encourage corporate leverage. The interface between tax, leverage and excess risk taking is complex. Blundell-Wignall et al. note that the US approach shares the risks of buying toxic assets between the taxpayers and investors creates buyer demand and prevents dumping of assets that would prolong the crisis phase, and is an open-market approach. It is important to foster corporate structures that enhance both stability and competition. The complexity of some corporate groups has been identified in both governance and risk control issues. As a

Young Offenders and Youth Justice Research Paper

Young Offenders and Youth Justice - Research Paper Example There has been a concern of how the society views and deals with young people. Some people believe that juvenile engage in antisocial behaviors because of lack of good rearing by the parents, while others believe that the whole society has failed to instill morals to its young people. However, studies have documented that due to increase in poverty and technology, young people are involved in different crimes (Barnickol 430). Conversely, studies have also documented that culture dictates the parenting style, which in turn has a lot to do with the child’s development. In light with his, it has been argued that bad parenting style has effects on the behavior of a child. Although measures exist, it is apparent that they have not elucidated on how best strategies they use can comprehensively address the problem. What is currently evident is that these measures lessen the situation with little empirical approach being adopted in order to address the causes of anti-social behavior a mong young people (Hancock 142). In this regard, more emphasis has been on the correctional perspective, but this problem requires a comprehensive approach, which incorporates both correctional and preventive approaches. With such deliberations, the current research would be of help in utilizing theoretical frameworks in order to ascertain the best approaches to use in order to both correct and mitigate causes of anti-social behavior among young people. ... Another major concern involves poor parenting. It is believed that poor parenting can slowly develop a culture of unruly behavior. Parents who use permissive parenting style tend to unknowingly encourage their children to engage in unruly behaviors (Harr 64). However, some studies have noted that when parents are unable to provide basic necessities to their children, they have little control over their lives. To some parents, they become too busy to have quality time with their children. This way, children tend to imitate other people without any control of their actions (Gottfredson 94). In fact, when this continues and they realize their parents cannot control their lives, most of them indulge in drugs – something that highly contributes to delinquent behavior. An Introduction of Key Research Questions In regard to the above-mentioned issues, it is apparent that there is a need to have the issue of anti-social behaviors among young people addressed comprehensively (Gaines 28 ). The current research aims at presenting theoretical and comparative measures to not only reform the already existing youth justice system but also to provide a framework that can help reduce and prevent cases of anti-social behaviors among young people. In this scope, the hypothesis of the research argues that if community based programs that deal with child rearing can be introduced, the rate of juvenile anti-social behaviors can be reduced (Hodge 103). In this regard, the research aims to find solutions to the following questions, which will give an overview of causes of anti-social behavior among young people. 1. What causes of anti-social behavior among young people. 2. How effective are the programs designed to

Global strategic Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global strategic Planning - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that Zipcar was founded in the year 2000 and has been able to become one of the major players in the automobile rental segment in the United States market.  This essay discusses that the company offers membership-based car rental services to the consumer market segment and has its headquarters in Boston. The members can hire a car and pay the bill either day basis or hourly basis. The researcher states that the company was founded was Robin Chase and Antje Danielson, and has now grown as a major player and also operates in international markets of Spain, Canada, Austria, and the UK. The company provides rental services to about 1million customers and the members can even book the car for a day or even for a year. The company even has expanded its member base mainly because of the reference and positive word of mouth that is given by the members. The company operates in markets of US, UK, Canada, Austria, and Spain. However with the increa sed pace of competition in the market the markets where the company operates has become highly saturated with a large number of competitors.   The expansion into other markets is a very strategic decision that is taken into account by a company when it faces some problems in the current market or when it identifies some great opportunities that are prevailing in other markets that could be beneficial for the company.

Problems in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems in Criminal Justice - Essay Example Policing is a hazardous and pressurizing job that involves risk of personal safety and even life to the police officers. In comparison, the remuneration they receive is meager. Corporate executives, who are in a position to enjoy a much relaxing lifestyle, earn much more than police officers, who are duty bound for 24/7. This is especially so in view of the escalating problem of international terrorism. This factor may cause resentment in the police officers and entail a lack of motivation in them. Besides, criminals and terrorists have access to latest technology and modern weaponry, while most police forces are using outdated technology and weapons. This reduces their operational efficiency apart from having a demoralizing effect on them. In order to overcome this problem, the government must review the pay package of the police forces and upgrade it to conform to the inherent risks of the job. Additionally, police forces also need to be provided with latest technology and weaponry. Problems for Courts: The main problem of courts is the difficulty due to â€Å"inadequate legal representation† for the accused persons during trials (466). Besides, a general trend exists that public prosecutors tend to be less experienced than counselors being hired by wealthy defendants. Thus, on the one hand, accused individuals who hail from a poor background do not receive adequate or timely legal representation.... Besides, they also must be provided with latest technological support to monitor, investigate and process criminal cases. Policing is a hazardous and pressurizing job that involves risk of personal safety and even life to the police officers. In comparison, the remuneration they receive is meager. Corporate executives, who are in a position to enjoy a much relaxing lifestyle, earn much more than police officers, who are duty bound for 24/7. This is especially so in view of the escalating problem of international terrorism. This factor may cause resentment in the police officers and entail a lack of motivation in them. Besides, criminals and terrorists have access to latest technology and modern weaponry, while most police forces are using outdated technology and weapons. This reduces their operational efficiency apart from having a demoralizing effect on them. In order to overcome this problem, the government must review the pay package of the police forces and upgrade it to conform to the inherent risks of the job. Additionally, police forces also need to be provided with latest technology and weaponry. Problems for Courts: The main problem of courts is the difficulty due to â€Å"inadequate legal representation† for the accused persons during trials (466). Besides, a general trend exists that public prosecutors tend to be less experienced than counselors being hired by wealthy defendants. Thus, on the one hand, accused individuals who hail from a poor background do not receive adequate or timely legal representation. On the other hand, accused persons who are wealthy, enlist the services of highly proficient advocates, who outsmart relatively less experienced public prosecutors. Thus,

FDI, Setting Up a Business in a Foreign Country Term Paper

FDI, Setting Up a Business in a Foreign Country - Term Paper Example In this regard, South Korea is considered a favorable destination for foreign direct investment. For effective entry into the South Korea business, Snap Fitness requires a strategy for entry into the country’s market. There have been previous reports of companies that failed in such attempts but Snap fitness will not. The strategy for entry will involve all stakeholders in the Snap fitness business. The entry into the business will have to involve the locals. It is only when the locals are involved that they will feel free to adopt technology that Snap Fitness is introducing. The method that the company is going to use is that of partnership. For the company to secure a place in the Korean market, it will be appropriate that Snap Fitness seeks partnership with other fitness companies in the country. Therefore, Snap Fitness will identify the company to partner with before the entry. Entry into a new market is always coupled with challenges and risks. Snap Fitness entry into South Korea is no different. The company expects to find already established market for many of its competitors and an uncertain population. There are also risks of partnering with a non-performing company that can ruin the whole plan or make it significantly expensive. However, this remains the most appropriate mode of entry given that the country is a multicultural state and for Snap Fitness to gain a competition base with rival brands. The other benefits of partnership are that we will be able to connect easily with the local consumers who are the target segment through using of the market language. The above method has been documented to have worked with other brands such as MacDonald’s, which established itself into the Korean market by using culture as an asset and not a risk (Lim, 2004). They first used educated locals to learn the cultural requirements of Koreans, and then established products that are culturally acceptable. They sold Korean delicacies to the locals and within

Why Studying in America Is the Best Decision Any Student Can Make Essay Example for Free

Why Studying in America Is the Best Decision Any Student Can Make Essay One of the most wonderful things about higher education in America is that it varies from institution to institution. There is no â€Å"one size fits all† college experience as each individual university has its own standards and traditions, making it easy for anyone pursuing a degree to find the college that is right for them. At nearly all American schools, there is a seemingly infinite list of degrees to choose from as well, many of which can be tailored to meet the students’ individual needs and interests. Perhaps this explains why so many international students choose to study at American institutions. Every year, the US Department of State’s Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs receives nearly 25 million inquiries from hopeful students around the world interested in studying in America (â€Å"Why International Students Come to Study at American Colleges and Universities†, Brain Track, 2011). Equally, statistics show that more international students study in America than in any other country in the world. While many similarities do exist between American and International universities, the American college system surpasses all others in quality, flexibility and diversity, as well as being far more culturally expansive, making it the best place to attend school at a college level. Higher education in other countries such as France, for instance, is offered at little or no cost to the students. Any American student accustomed to paying the sometimes very expensive tuition fees of US schools would most likely start packing their bags and dusting off their passports as soon as they heard this. What many people forget is that tuition pays for not only a general education, but the overall experience as well, including life on campus. The majority of American college campuses are kept very up-to-date, while still maintaining their individual charm and historic backgrounds. Class settings vary from small, intimate classrooms with a capacity to hold only twenty students to large auditorium-style classrooms that will seat two-hundred or more. Most classrooms provide students access to the best possible technology and resources to aid their learning. There are a great deal of wonderful student services available outside of the classroom, too, including abundant libraries, computer labs and tutoring centers which are generally available to all students at any time. For students living on campus full-time, the list of perks continues: Comfortable dorm rooms, plenty of on-campus cafeterias and restaurants, full-service fitness centers, student lounges, and more. This easygoing environment makes it easy for students to succeed. Now, compare that picture to what is most often found with free international schools: Ancient, structurally unsounds buildings holding cubicle-like classrooms, out-of-date (if any) technology and resources, incommodious dormitories and far less to do on campus. That doesn’t sound like an environment that would fortify students’ desire to obtain an education, especially when coupled with the almost impossible academic expectations that are usually found in classrooms outside of the US. The pressure to do well in school, especially college, is something that all students have or will face at least once throughout their academic careers. It is what pushes students to try their hardest to ensure their success. However, the pressure seems to be much worse for students in other countries even before they begin attending a university. For example, British high school students are required to take what is called â€Å"A-Level† Tests which quiz on four different subjects. Scores on these tests are used to separate the â€Å"serious† students from the ones who might not do so well in the university system. The scores are also used to narrow down students’ choices in majors, which must be decided before attending. For every degree plan, required classes are only those which apply to the student’s area of study meaning students may not take outside electives that don’t work towards their degree. Work in these classes is said to be extremely challenging in order to further separate the serious students from the not-so-serious ones. This strict academic regimen allows students to fulfill their requirements and earn a degree in only three years. Again, to an American student this would sound great: no useless classes and one less year spent in school. But those â€Å"useless† classes are actually incredibly valuable and give students in America a great advantage over their international peers. The Liberal Arts philosophy is a very unique feature of the American system. It requires all students to earn a general level of education in the arts, sciences and humanities alongside their chosen field of study which can be applied not only to the degree they are working towards but also to any career path they choose to follow later in life. As mentioned by David Crabtree in his essay Why A Great Books Education Is the Most Practical!, these classes are meant to teach students â€Å"more general, transferable skills which will provide the flexibility to adjust to whatever changes may occur†¦ These skills would make a person well-suited to most work environments and capable of learning quickly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (213). The Liberal Arts philosophy allows students to be well-rounded in their education and provides them with skills that could carry them into almost any career field, should the one they choose in college fail them. Other college systems, specifically that of greater Europe, don’t provide that. Instead, they train students only in one field, leaving them with no safety net or â€Å"Plan B† if the need for one should ever arise. The American college system also caters to students by providing a wide variety of both degree-specific and recreational classes, something many other countries’ college systems seem to lack. This gives every student the opportunity to explore their interests thoroughly and discover which field is truly the right fit for them individually, while also making college seem like less of a chore by giving students a break from the classes they find less interesting. One may argue that some of these classes are counterproductive, distracting students from their more important classes and having them spend more time than necessary earning their degree. However, even the most impractical seeming classes are teaching skills that could potentially come in very handy at unexpected times later in life. For example, consider Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and Pixar Animation Studios. During his time at Reed College, he attended a Calligraphy class where he learned various typefaces and how great typography was made. Jobs himself said, â€Å"None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.† (Jobs, Stanford Report, 2005) However, ten years later he found the skills he learned in the Calligraphy class to be more useful than ever expected when he was designing the first Macintosh computer, the very first computer invented to have uniquely beautiful typography. Jobs made history and permanently changed the world of home computers, which could not have happened if he had studied in say, Finland, where such a trivial class would never be taught. The diverse array of classes also ensures that every student can find a field of study that suits them. Students are not restricted to simply education and medical fields, or even basic writing and art. American colleges allow students to study absolutely anything they wish, from Tourism to Dance Choreography. Furthermore, while they study university students are introduced to many wonderful opportunities such as internships, work-study jobs, and study-abroad programs which are designed to help them better develop their skills and expand their horizons of education and beyond. Most universities also take great interest in each of their students as individuals and wish to see them succeed. Students are often given great career opportunities and connections before even graduating, and many universities will do all that they can to help students find immediate job placement after graduation. Choosing which college or university to attend is one of the hardest and most important decisions a student will ever face. That decision alone holds the power to decide a person’s entire future. Every student is different, they have different dreams and desires and therefore they should have infinite options to choose from to find the place that will best suit them while they chase those dreams. That is why studying in America, where there are hundreds of institutions each with their own individual cultures and traditions and thousands of degree and career plans to choose from, is by far the best decision for any student. 1. â€Å"Why International Students Come to Study at US Colleges and Universities†. Brain Track. 2011. http://www.braintrack.com/ international-studies-in-us-colleges/articles/why-international-students-study-in-us. 2. David Crabtree. â€Å"Why A Great Books Education Is the Most Practical!†. The Composition of Every Day Life. John Mauk, John Metz. Published: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2010, 212-214. 3. Steve Jobs.

Are all managers Human Resource managers

Are all managers Human Resource managers Executive Summary The report discusses the various aspects in relation to the question posed for the assignment All managers are HR managers, agree or disagree? The report is placed in relation to the questions raised for and against the topic, and my thoughts on the question. The report is structured in the form of my quest to answer the questions raised with regard to the topic. The fundamental theories concerning the topic provide some light for the discussion, followed by examination of the current trends in organisations. The other aspects discussed in the paper relate to the managers implementation of HR practices and its relation on employee performance, and thereby the productivity of the organisation. The effects of poor implementation of the HR practices are highlighted to comprehend all the facets of the discussion. The conclusions are based on the aspects from the points of discussion and its relation to the effectiveness of HR implementation by managers. The references which were vital to the development of the paper are included in order to substantiate research done related to the topic. Introduction Are all managers HR managers Agree or disagree? As I read the question for the assignment, I had mixed answers running in my head. Understanding human resources in the literal sense would refer to employees of the organisation, and there would be a person responsible for any particular section of employees, known as the manager. In this view, managers related directly with the employees, and so they needed to be HR managers. However, the Human Resources Department wherever I worked always seemed to be busy as they dealt with all levels of the organisation, be it employees, managers, stakeholders or government, and their paperwork (or rather e-work) seemed unending. If all managers were HR managers, why would there be a necessity of a HR department? Would it mean that all functions done by the Human Resources personnel were done by the managers themselves? Would that be feasible? Would that not restrict the day-to-day operations carried out by the manager? If all managers were not HR managers, would all issues relating to the employees be raised to the HR department? Since managers, in most cases, have a direct relationship with their employees, would they not have to deal with all concerns related to their human resources i.e. employees? What would organisations that do not have an elaborate HR department do? With relation to agreeing or disagreeing with the question for the assignment, the numerous questions for and against it, left me confused. So it was necessary to understand the fundamentals of the keywords managers and HR, given by various scholars in order to take a stand for the topic. Fundamental Views Management Managers Management, according to Henri Fayol (1949) consists of seven functions such as planning, organising, leading, co-ordinating, controlling, staffing and motivating within an organisation in order to accomplish the established goals of the organisation. Figure 1 Manager Roles (Mintzberg 1975) From among these, the four main managerial functions are described as planning, organising, leading and controlling. (Simmering 2010) Figure 2 Functions of Managers (Overton 2007) A manager is an individual with formal authority to make decisions and carry out the four managerial functions in order to achieve the organisational goals and objectives. Within most organisations, there are three levels of management namely top level, middle level and first/line level managers (Management Study Guide 2009). At each management level, managers require certain skills necessary for successful management. Robert Katz identified three skills namely technical, conceptual and human skills that vary as per the management level. (Katz 1974) Conceptual skills refer to the formulation of ideas. Technical skills involve the technique knowledge and proficiency. Human skills refer to the ability to interact and communicate with people effectively. (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor 2008) Figure 3 Management Skills (Overton 2007) Interestingly from the figure above, although technical and conceptual skills vary greatly, human skills remain rather consistent throughout the various levels. Considering that human resources would relate only to the manager-employee interface, it could be then inferred that all managers are HR managers. However, understanding HR functions would be necessary to make the conclusion to the question. Human Resource Definition Functions Human Resource (HR) refers to consideration of employee as the most valuable assets or resources of the organisation. The inherent abilities, acquired knowledge and skills represented by the aptitudes and talents of the people employed in the organisation could be referred to as the human resources of the organisation. (Aswathappa 2008) The strategic and coherent approach to the management of these assets in order to achieve individual behaviour and performance that would enhance the organisations effectiveness is termed as Human Resource Management (HRM).(Oxford University Press, Ed. Jonathan Law. 2009 ) The functions of HRM are broadly classified into two categories namely managerial and operative functions. Managerial functions include planning, directing, organising and controlling while operative functions are related to recruitment, compensation, employee relations and development. (Hales 2005) The vast scope and functions of HR brought doubts about it being incorporated with the operational activities of managers especially line managers. For the purpose of this paper, general managers and deputy managers have been defined as strategic level managers whilst first-line level managers encompass supervisors and departmental heads. Figure 4 HR Functions Current trends Contrary to the traditional views of management, current trends indicate devolution of the HR into line management. (Gratton, et al. 1999) Restructuring the organisational hierarchy to flatter systems within the organisation has arguably contributed to the convergence of HRM and managerial practices. (Whittaker and Marchington 2003) With the global economic crisis, downsizing has become the trend or the need of times, where even HR departments were dissolved as a whole; this would substantiate Whittakers and Marchingtons (2003) finding that HR took second place in comparison to other business sectors of sales and marketing and finance. The introduction of flatter organisations resulting from heavy job-losses could be traced back to the early 80s of Hewlett-Packard. There was an intensification of managerial responsibilities and predominantly people management claimed most of the efforts of the managers. (McGovern, et al. 1997) In the current scenario, the increasing de-layered organisations (Torrington, Hall and Taylor 2004) would overly emphasize the necessity of all managers to integrate the HR functions of recruitment, training, monitor performance and provide appropriate appraisals. (Marcic and Daft 2008) Line managers and Direct interface Theoretically, managers may not be able to incorporate all the functions of HR but line managers have always been the direct control over the human resources under their responsibility. The flatter organisations have not diminished the human skills required as seen in Figure 3, but on the contrary are a necessity to engage in good people practices, which is as important as implementing personnel policies. (Lowe J 1992) The direct relationship of the line managers with the employees favour the implementation of the HR practices by the managers themselves rather than other personnel. (Sisson and Storey 2000) Research conducted by Bath University for CIPD (2009) found that line managers played a pivotal role in implementing HR practices and policies. People management practices such as induction, training, performance appraisal, employee communication; work-life balance and employee recognition were exercised significantly by the line managers. As discussed in the research, the people management processes can be designed by the HR personnel, but would be implemented most effectively by the managers. (Hutchinson and Purcell 2003) In order to assess the immediate effectiveness of the HRM, scholars such as Dyer and Reeves (1995) and Becker et al. (1997) suggested monitoring of employee performance which would be the factor affected directly. Performance and HR In an ultra-competitive marketplace, it would be necessary to maintain a productive and competitive workforce to achieve organisational success. Successful organisations are reliant on managers competence to attain and maintain high levels of individual job performance. (Hosie 2009) Employee performance is maximized through motivation which would be associated with the manager. According to Dyer and Reeves (1995) rigorous selection mechanisms and ample training opportunities along with incentives such as peer pressure to perform, monetary and non-monetary rewards increase employee motivation. Commitment is another factor that would boost employee performance. Organisational commitment is highly dependant on employee assessment of the level of support from the management. (Sharkie 2009) Managers in IBM are expected to be responsible to the development and satisfaction of employees. Surveys, career planning, performance appraisal and compensation utilized by line managers encourage employee commitment to the organisation. (Marcic and Daft 2008) Effective implementation of HR practices in organisations such as in IBM, would lead to greater employee motivation. As discussed by Gillespie and Mann (2004), that the trust subordinates place in the leader is directly proportional to motivation that would lead to better employee performance. Consequences of ineffective application of HR In the decentralisation of HR processes, line managers are often tasked with responsibilities of setting the agenda, dealing with workplace issues and providing direction to employees. As discussed by McGuire, et al. (2006), a conflict between the organisational and individual values of the manager, could lead to a trust deficit between the employees and the manager. (Renwick 2003) Decreased workplace happiness would lead to diminished employee performance, which would cost the organisation heavily in both productivity as well as having to pay higher compensation and insurance claims for the health conditions of employees. (Lyubomirsky, King and Diener 2005) (Hosie 2009) The negative effects of poorly applied HRM practices accentuate the requirement for greater knowledge in HR practices for all managers. It would be possible to design programmes for managers that would enhance the understanding of HR, such as Esprit employed within Hilton (UK) Hotels. However, the two main barriers line managers faced while incorporating their HR role were heavy workloads and short-term job pressures. (Watson, Maxwell and Farquharson 2007) These add to the findings of Renwick (2003) relating to the constraints for managers in effective management of HR such as lack of time, lack of ability or knowledge in HR practices, and distractions from general managerial operations. Other than improper implementation of HRM practices and its complications within the organisation, Earnshaw et al. (2000) found that without HR expertise even large organisations could face legal challenges. This would emphasize the necessity of efficient HR systems and constant guidance by HR specialists. Considering the various factors, as suggested by Jackson and Schuler (2000) a partnership approach through a triad approach of HR specialists, managers and employees would allow effective integration of HR activities into the work of line managers. However, if line managers and HR are to work in partnership to improve organisational performance, a minimum number of experienced HR specialists would be required. (Ulrich 1998) Conclusion The discussions throughout the paper have led to a few conclusions. The functions of HR and managers are not entirely different from each other, but noted by Aswathappa (2008), HR is a managerial function with assists managers with hiring, motivating and maintaining employees within the organisation. Line managers implement most of these HR roles as they are in direct contact with the human resources of the organisation. Effective HR implementation would lead to greater employee motivation and thereby productivity. However, lack of understanding and poor execution of HR practices could cost organisations heavily ranging from employee productivity to legal action. According to Dave Ulrich (1996), HRM encompasses the roles of being an employee champion, administrative agent, a strategic business partner and assisting in change management. HR departments in most organisations are concerned with the former two roles, and in which case, one could conclude that all managers are HR managers. However considering the complete scope and roles of HR, it would not be apt to agree that all managers are HR managers. It could be then, concluded that all managers exercise HR functions irrespective of their department and level considering the high level of human relations. It would be extremely important that they have adequate knowledge in handling HR in order to become effective managers and achieve maximum productivity, which is essential for all organisations across varying industries. HR professionals would have to assist and guide line managers consistently in achieving the strategic goals of the organisation. Effective coaching to line managers on HR practices and policies would allow HR professionals to take on the vital roles of being a strategic business partner and play an effective role in change management. (Gaskell 2007)

Human Resource Planning in Healthcare

Human Resource Planning in Healthcare The most important resources in healthcare is the human beings. Equipment such as machines and devices are essential parts in healthcare. However, it requires the expertise and commitment of a human being to fully utilize their features in the delivery of care. This is the reason why human resource planning is vital in the provision to any healthcare establishments. The human resource policy has many objectives: to entice, hire, retain and improve proficient employees and develop a constant healthcare learning organisation. The main focus of all healthcare personnel is the client or the patient itself. There are many personnel involve in the process of providing the best healthcare services. In the medical aspects: physicians, nurses, healthcare assistant, med-techs, pharmacists, and resident doctors are the direct provider of outpatient and ward care for patients. While the admin, public staffs, laundry, food caterers, electricians, and other maintenance personnel are also involve in the success in providing safety in delivering care to the clients. Planning is indeed an important thing to do for all these personnel for them to work effectively on rendering best service towards their patients. These are the three ways on how to improve human resources: Work system: The goal of a work system is to obtain cooperation and collaboration among all employees. Healthcare personnel seek for a better system so that their deeds will have favorable outcome without wasting much time on activities. Employees may feel important as they participate on such activities. On the other hand, tasks or activities that are forcedly delegated to them can build doubt as they believe of not owning it. In order to be a part of the system, employees must participate actively in the planning. This will create efficiency on the workforce as they work together regardless of what department. These are some examples of an effective work system: Organize a team either short-term or long-term. Examples would be the infection control, waste management, and quality control team. Encourage further higher education, offer staffs greater responsibilities and help them to determine trainings that they need. Rotation of nursing and nursing attendants to avoid boredom in work. Also emphasize the importance of multi-tasking. Management in performance system: each employee must work according to their job description. The performance of each employee is evaluated towards their target in a timely manner; this helps employees to achieve their targets annually. Reward practices: the reward system is either monetary or non-monetary. An example of monetary rewards are promotion of the position, special increase in the salary, and long service awards. Non-monetary awards are given through formal or informal letter or a simple gesture of tapping the back of an employee in front of other employee as a sign of a job well done. Proper communication: a sense of unity in an organisation is present among workers who have proper communication on their superiors and subordinates. Recruiting and selective hiring of new staffs: during the recruitment process, the hospital or the company must identify the work requirement and at the same time during the interview, attitude and aptitude survey of the applicants must be completed. Moreover, there should be a transparent explanation to the applicant about his future growth upon staying in the organisation. Lastly, an induction process must be handed to the new employee of the working environment in order to have familiarity of the situation. Employee development through training and education: there must be a continuity in learning and development process for employees. Employees are trained with the following aspects: technical (proper handling of equipment and devices), managerial (the ability to handle work environment), and behavioral (the proper attitude in a given situation). The training program has two goals: the short-term and the long-term; the former aims on achieving client’s satisfaction and reducing time cycle while the latter is aimed on having a more efficient technology. These trainings are provided to achieve the ultimate goal of healthcare, to provide safe and best service to patients and family members. There are various trainings provided for the staffs in the Kindly Residential healthcare. Physicians, nurses, and technicians are offered with a continuous medical education. This is to render effective health teachings to their patients. Also, healthcare assistants are trained on proper waste disposal, oxygen therapy, and proper use of HOIST. The training programs provided by the company is not enough to measure the effectiveness on the performance of employees. In order to determine the effectiveness of the training program, there must be an evaluation process. During evaluation, factors that are monitored closely must have a direct link with the well-being of the client. Factors like the rate of occurrence of illness and death, feedback of the client and family members, quantity of re-admission having the same medical problem and most of all is to retain the trust and confidence of the client towards the healthcare. The well-being and satisfaction of the workers: the satisfaction of employee is vital to the motivation on the whole organisation. The following aspects make a big contribution on the satisfaction of employees: The work environment: The working environment is one of the essential aspect in providing satisfaction for the workers. A safety environment by enforcing precautions creates a healthy environment. Employees may work freely because they know they are safe and they have the proper gadgets or devices to protect them as they carry-out their tasks. Such precautions are: emphasis on proper waste disposal, compulsory annual check-ups and vaccination should be done, and continuous research on unsafe practices. The work climate: Awareness programs and accessible facilities are provided for workers by the company in order for them to feel proud because they are taken good care by the organisation as they render service to their clients. These are some programs that improve the work climate: health awareness program, awareness of AIDS program, mess hall, fitness gym, education and library access. The satisfaction of an employee: the satisfaction of an individual worker is difficult to achieve. There are only few hospitals who are successful on making their employees satisfied. The human mind is very dynamic; people may not be contented on what they achieve because of the belief that they can do more. Therefore, expecting an employee to become satisfied on the company’s facility is far from the truth. However, the organisation collects feedbacks by doing a formal or informal assessment process and correlate these results on determining improvement priorities. Through this action, it makes the worker feel that the organisation or management is very sincere regarding their concerns.

Role Playing in Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

The Role of Role Playing in Farewell to Arms Listening to the radio today, I heard a song written a couple years ago that reminded me a lot of the relationship between Catherine and Henry in Hemingway’s novel Farewell to Arms. In this song, a girl asks a guy if he will be strong enough to be her man. She asks this question many times, each time changing the scenario for the worse in which she places them. Plaintively she implores, "will you be strong enough to be my man?" She seeks reassurance of her man’s strength by inventing roles for them to play just as Catherine and Henry invent roles in order to protect themselves from the discovery of their insignificance and powerlessness in a world indifferent to their well being. Role-playing by Henry and Catherine is their way to escape the realization of human mortality that is unveiled by war. Hemingway utilizes role-playing as a way to explore the strengths and weaknesses of his two characters. By placing Henry's ordered life in opposition to Catherine's upside-down one, and then letting each one assume a role that will bring them closer together, Hemingway shows the pair's inability to accept the hard, gratuitous quality of life. Hemingway's characters revert to role-playing in order to escape or retreat from their lives. The ability to create characters that play roles, either to maintain self-esteem or to escape, is exploited extraordinarily well in A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway is quite blatant in letting us know that role-playing is what is occurring through the thought and actions of the main characters. During Henry and Catherine's third encounter, Henry thought, "this was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards. Like bridge you had to pretend you were playing for money or playing for some stakes"(30). This meeting becomes a turning point in their relationship for afterwards the two become increasingly comfortable with their roles and easily adopt them whenever the other is nearby. This is apparent also in that they can only successfully play their roles when they are in private and any disturbance causes the game to be disrupted. The intrusion of the outside world in any form makes their role-playing difficult. Evidence of this difficulty is seen at the racetrack in Milan, where Catherine tells Henry "I can’t stand to see so many people"(131).

Biggers Self Realization in Native Son Essay -- Native Son Essays

Bigger's Self Realization in Native Son      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although today we live in a nation, which has abolished slavery, the gap between the whites and the blacks during the early stages of America's development has plainly carried into the present.   In Native Son, author Richard Wright illustrates this racial gap, in addition to demonstrating how white oppression upon blacks is capable of producing revengeful individuals, not to mention being an immoral act in itself.   Bigger Thomas is one of those individuals, who discovers his capacity to rebel through acts of murder against the white society, which has for long oppressed his family, friends, and himself.   By tracing Bigger's psyche from before the murder of Mary Dalton, into the third book of the novel, and into the subconscious depths of the final scene, the development of Bigger's self realization becomes evident.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An entire period of Bigger's life, up until the murder of Mary Dalton, portrays him under a form of slavery, where the white society governs his state of being.   While he worked for the Daltons, "his courage to live depended upon how successfully his fear was hidden from his consciousness"(44), and hate also builds on top of this fear.   Once he is in contact with Mary, his fears and hate pour out in a rebellious act of murder, because to Bigger Mary symbolizes the white oppression.   In addition, he committed the act, "because it had made him feel free for the first time in his life"(255).   At last he feels he is in control of his actions and mentality.   He rebels against the burden of the white man's torment.   He had "been scared and mad all . . . [his] life... ... between Bigger and Max.   Consequently, from this study of Bigger's psyche, it is evident that the "Bigger That Might Have Been" is basically: 'a decent man'; such a result to become of Bigger, however, may only occur if Bigger's father was present, his family was not so impoverished, or even if he had maintained his job working honestly for the Daltons.   To produce the "Bigger That Might Have Been," slavery should never have occurred!    Sources Cited and Consulted Collier-Thomas, John; et al. Chronology of the Civil Rights Movement. Chicago, IL: Henry Holt & Company, Inc., January 2000. Neskahi, Arlie. "Anger Cycle Model." February 2003, 1998. http://www.rainbowwalker.com/anger/cycle.html Wright, Richard. Native Son. 1940. New York, NY: First Perennial Classics, a division of HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.   

Nighthawks – Creative Writing

The night is velvet black. The streetlights are switched off; a would be cold dank street is illuminated by the fluorescent beam of the all-night diner, which watches the street, glancing through my window, an apartment above the hardware store. It could've disturbed my slumber but I wasn't in. I hadn't been in for a long time and tonight, I sat in the diner, a safe haven for vagrants and nomads. I'm alone. There are two other customers in the diner and a bartender but I'm alone. My body needs sleep but my mind won't allow it; it's been a long day. I must have travelled for several hours but I can't recall a second on the road. My head is a train station of thoughts, coming and going. As I peer upwards I'm forced to squint; the vibrant light burns my eyes from under my hat. From what I can see of the place's inhabitants, it's the most alive thing in here tonight, dancing along the oak veneer counter and blazing into the bottom of my cup, creating a reflection. I gaze into my own eyes. The man I see is not the man I am; he's grotesque with vile features and battle scar-like wrinkles. He's definitely not the man who woke up the previous morning in Baltimore in a fully occupied double bed. I've had countless Irish coffees but my mind still feels sober. The kid behind the counter looks at me tentatively for the usual impersonal small talk, attempting to catch my empty eyes. I resist, he doesn't remember me. His mother used to run this place but she's probably long dead. Besides, I'm not here to remember. I'm here to forget. It was a rough Manhattan neighbourhood but the street was as clean as any up town, to me this was largely because of the diner. It protected a once dim noisome street and brought together the community. Back when I was just an ignorant wiseacre before it all started, before the epiphany that was meeting her. I am awoken back to consciousness by the hushed whispers of the couple opposite, who look uneasy and not just because this apparent hobo is eyeballing them, there was something else, something deeper. I guess they too must have their reasons for not being at home, tucked up in bed. The man was young and handsome with wired caffeine-powered eyes; I'd seen him a thousand times before waltzing around up town in a suit. I can't tell whether he's paying for his company or not, I'm guessing not because if I was I'd demand a refund, she seems more interested in her hands than his voice, gazing intensely as if reading her palms, deeply occupied in her thoughts. She feels my stare. I'd better look away and play it cool but I can't. Even as she gazes back, I'm lost. She sends me a plaintive smile but I remain emotionless. I can tell she's still thinking hard of other things, half-heartedly raising a cigarette to her rouged lips, barely bothering to inhale. I watch its lacklustre droop for what feels like hours. She's entranced me. They always do this. She always does this. I bring my refilled cup back to my lips not letting anything slip to the broad. I remain motionless, my insides decomposing; she's not scared of me but childishly curious. She's attractive in obvious ways but her true beauty is esoteric, only I who have known her for so long could understand. We both maintain this level of equanimity as my eyes are starting to leak. I can't tell whether it's for lack of sleep or that I haven't blinked in many minutes. It's neither; I realise as that pain in my stomach that urged me to drive all this way home is becoming more tolerable. The drink only shielded me temporarily but my emotions are now releasing themselves all over the counter and into my half empty cup. She either doesn't mind or notice but I terminate my tears anyway. The suit next to her grabs her coat. â€Å"D'you wanna' get outta' here?† He can't have seen me. She'll make a fool out of him. She humours these lowlifes but I always know she'll be mine at the end of the night even if she makes me doubt it sometimes. â€Å"Yeah, sure. I've just been waiting for you.† I don't understand. â€Å"Why didn't you say so?† â€Å"Because I didn't want you following me home.† Of course, always one step ahead of me. He storms passed me muttering vulgar terms, I hear â€Å"slut† and would hurt him but I've long since learnt that's not what she wants. I look back to her. She is now standing. In a matter of seconds she's brushing passed my chair ignoring me, she's changed her perfume; she's changed her appearance. She's left me again but I still love her. I've loved her from the moment I set eyes on her in this very diner. I loved her when we settled down near her parents in South Baltimore, Maryland. I loved her when she told me why we weren't physically intimate and I loved her for years until the inevitable happened today. Until it happened today. I see her face on every blonde I've seen since and I don't doubt I will for a while. The barman looks suggestively at the clock. I've overstayed my welcome. My sojourn is over; tomorrow I must return to my new home. I glance up at the old apartment and the lights inside are on. I can still make out the other two figures on opposite sides of the street but I'm alone. I feel even together in the diner, we were all alone.

The Non Dredged Reclamation Method Environmental Sciences Essay

With the rapid economic and population growing, assorted economic, societal, lodging and conveyance demands of the community are increasing, ensuing in increasing demand for land supply. Due to the limited land supply, renewal is normally used to undertake the job in Hong Kong. However, renewal does non merely lend to the economic development but besides the environmental debasement. In this essay, jobs caused by renewal and possible solutions will be discussed. As mentioned in Environmental Impact Assessment Report ( 2001 ) , dredging, disposal of Marine clay and majority filling activities may give rise to many possible impacts on H2O quality. First, solids may be suspended in the H2O column. Second, as clay moving ridges and turbulent flow will be generated, by perturbation, organic and inorganic substances e.g. ammonium hydroxide, heavy metals and sulfides may be released into the H2O column. Third, during the compacting and settling procedure in site formation, contaminations and leachate may be given out from pore H2O and deposits severally. As a consequence, the marine H2O quality will be deteriorated. 2.2 Marine ecosystem Harmonizing to Chan ( 2000 ) , dredging and disposal of waste involved in renewal will convey inauspicious effects to the marine ecosystem. First, remotion of deposit may take to the loss of home ground. Second, marine beings may entrain during dredging. Third, dissolved O will be depleted and foods will be released into the H2O. In peculiar, if there is a important rise in the alimentary degree, algal productiveness will increase which may ensue in & A ; acirc ; ˆ?red tides & A ; acirc ; ˆA? . 2.3 Air quality The job of air pollution will originate during the operation period of renewal as a big sum of dust will be emitted where the & A ; acirc ; ˆ?dust & A ; acirc ; ˆA? here refers to general suspended particulates. Among assorted sorts of beginnings of air pollution, earthmoving ( lading, droping and bulldozing ) , haul route traffic on unpaved roads and wind eroding of the unfastened site country lower the air quality the most ( Chan, 2000 ) . Solutions 3.1 The non-dredged renewal method Traditionally, the soft Marine clay in the ocean floor is replaced by sand fill to do a strong foundation for seawall building. Dredging and disposing of Marine clay are therefore involved. As the dredging procedure in renewal is the cardinal cause for the environmental impacts mentioned above, the non-dredged renewal method is advocated for the future renewal undertakings. Making mention to Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Hong Kong Projects ( 2011 ) , this renewal method does non necessitate dredging the soft Marine clay in the ocean floor before backfilling. Alternatively, inert building and destruction stuff is used to make full many big interlocked steel cells. The steel cells will so drop in the H2O and remain on the alluvial sediment, organizing the margin wall. ( Items, 2011 ) As found in Items ( 2011 ) , the non-dredge renewal has many benefits over the conventional dredge breakwater building method. For case, dredging and dumping of Marine clay can be about wholly avoided. Besides, merely 30 % of the original suspended atoms will be released during renewal and merely half of the backfilling stuff will be needed. Thus the building Marine traffic can be decreased by about 50 % . It can be concluded that the non-dredge renewal method will convey less environmental impacts and therefore it is a better pick for renewal. 3.2 Development of belowground infinite Enhanced usage of belowground infinite is an effectual and executable option to increase land supply as Hong Kong is cragged and abundant with strong volcanic and flinty stones. This geographic characteristic favors the development of belowground infinite in Hong Kong. Rock caverns can be developed for assorted land utilizations such as crematory, substation, sewerage intervention installations etc ( Hong Kong Underground Space Study Executive Summary, 2009 ) . While both steps can alleviate the job of deficiency of available land, developing belowground infinite has some advantages over renewal. For illustration, some unwanted utilizations like garbage aggregation point can be built underground so that the impacts on the occupants populating nearby can be minimised. Furthermore, developing belowground infinite does non do much pollution or take away natural resources, which means that the natural environment can be preserved. Decision Though renewal can supply for the demands of the economic development, the conventional renewal method causes H2O pollution, air pollution and adversely affects the marine ecosystem, which is non an ideal act for the society. In order to strike a balance between economic growing and environmental preservation, the non-dredged renewal method should be adopted for future renewal undertakings as it is more environmentally friendly. In add-on to renewal, development of belowground infinite should be considered which can move as an option to increase land supply and reserve our valuable seaport.

Mergers and Acquisitions †The life of Hewlett †Packard Essay

The first big customer of HP was Walt Disney Studios. The company purchased eight oscillators from HP for their movie Fantasia. These oscillators were purchased in order to develop an innovative sound system for the movie. HP has incorporated profit sharing and social commitment in the company through its values and corporate objectives that have been with the company since 1957, these principles guide them to be focused and committed to the company and were founded by the co founders and are being followed to this day. Through trust, team work, innovation and integrity the company has been successful in making enough profits to finance their growth as well as keep all the stakeholders satisfied. They respect customer loyalty and the role of employees and there fore their contribution in the company. They look for opportunities and grow but not at the stake of society, they serve as an asset to the society and country where ever they are doing business. Dave Packard used a management technique that was incorporated into HP’s corporate culture. He called it â€Å"managing by walking around† which later came to be known as â€Å"management by Objectives† which had employee involvement, recognition and communication for better management and achievement of organizational goals. The company went public in the year 1957 and Bill and Dave have always given respect and appreciation for the employee’s efforts. Therefore after going public they gave the stock grants to the employees automatically who have been serving for at least six months in the company. This meant that the employees were given shares of the company, which will give them some form of ownership in the company and motivate them more for the performance and growth. The first acquisition of the company took place in the year 1958 of a high quality graphic producer company. The name of the company was F.L. Moseley Company of Pasadena, California. This acquisition was not seen as a threat to its flexibility because this gave opportunity to HP to enter into plotters market which was a needed for the company’s printer business. And to counter the problem of growing business the company had practiced decentralization of business divisions which will be responsible for their own products. Bill was looking for opportunities internationally for Hp to enter foreign markets and he found some in Europe after the Treaty of Rome and also the European Common market in the year 1957. These paved way for starting operation of Hp in the European markets and as Bill visited Europe he found it a viable decision and the company became global in the year 1959. The first joint venture of the company was in Asia with a Japanese company named Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard (YHP) in the year 1963. The CEO identified the factors that lead to major acquisitions by HP till the year 2005. HP was performing well in the industry. Its revenue and profits were rising and which made it attractive for the investor’s point of view as the company’s stock value also rose. The company was able to achieve cost control and pay bonuses to the employees at the same time. The company had a strong financial position with an impressive figure of $6.8 billion as an increase in revenue growth. The company wanted to achieve cost competitiveness. The company made some changes in the number of workers and their retirement programmes. The company consists of a team of dedicated workforce which is willing to put in their maximum efforts to enhance the value and performance. Moreover the company wanted to evolve in the bigger markets. The company had cash and potential to prosper in sales, they had no burden of operational debt. They have a strong customer base with a brand loyalty from them. All these led to the successful acquisitions of the company. The merger and acquisitions that took place between HP and other companies around the globe made HP a much stronger company in terms of market share as well as sales growth and innovation and created value for the company. The deal with Compaq was seen as an opportunity to grow into the IT sector in the world.   One of the long term goals of the company is to become the world’s largest computer company. All these mergers and takeovers were taken in order to reduce the competition, increase market share, share expertise which can be used to produce further products. The deal between Compaq and HP was seen as a success in the industry after five years of the deal. Compaq was its strong competitive at the same time one of the largest PC makers. The two companies by integrating have took forward the company’s profits and sales to another level altogether. The merger took place at the right time when both the companies were lacking the production of key products. But after the deal both the companies were able to fill in the gap that they had while operating independently. They were committed to the infrastructure software which helped the company go into the management layer from the commodity hardware. The company was at a stronger position to compete with the global service providers. The deal was able to increase the revenue and profits for the company being in the competitive environment of the industry.

Kinetics Chemistry Lab

Rachel Smith Design Lab: Kinetics Lab Introduction: ! Background Information- Effervescent tablets reduce stomach acid and help treat upset stomachs. The familiar ? zzing you hear when you drop an Alka-Seltzer tablet into a glass of water is the result of a chemical reaction. After dropping the tablet into the water, the reaction causes the solid tablet to become dissolved and releases tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide. This reduces the time it takes for the medicine to work as it does not need to dissolve inside the body. Research Question: How does the surface area affect the rate of the reaction?Varaibles†¢ Independent: Surface Area †¢ Dependent: Rate of Reaction (time) †¢ Controlled: Water temperature, Volume of water, Concentration, Still water, and One tablet. Hypothesis: Increasing the surface area of the tablet will increase the rate of the reaction. Materials†¢ Effervescent Tablets (12) – 4 Per Trial, 3 Trials †¢ 150mL Beaker †¢ 80mL of Wate r per trial (3 trials) †¢ Mortar and Pestle †¢ Scalpel †¢ 100mL Graduated Cylinder (error + 0. 5) †¢ Stopwatch (error + 0. 1) †¢ Thermometer Procedure-! 1. Gather all materials needed for experiment. 2. Measure 80mL of water in the 100mL graduated cylinder. . Pour the 80mL of water from the 100mL graduated cylinder into the 150mL beaker 4. Let the water sit until it reaches the room temperature, use the thermometer to measure the temperature until it reaches around 26 degrees celsius. 5. Retrieve 4 effervescent tablets (for ? rst trial), prepare tablets: 1)leave it whole, 2) cut the tablet in half using the scalpel, 3) cut the tablet into fourths using the scalpel, and 4) completely grind up the last tablet with the Mortar and Pestle. 6. Place the whole tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 7.Wait until the tablet is no longer visible and stop the timer; record time in the data table, report any qualitative observations. 8. Pour the solution into the sink 9. Repeat steps 2-4 to prepare the water. Rachel Smith 10. Place the two halves of the tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 11. Repeat steps 7-9 to ? nish the reaction. 12. Repeat steps 2-4 to prepare the water. 13. Place the four quarters of the tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 14. Repeat steps 7-9 to ? nish the reaction. 15. Repeat steps 2-4 to prepare the water. 6. Place the completely ground tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 17. Repeat steps 7-9 to ? nish the reaction. 18. Clean up the work station and put all materials back in their correct place. 19. Using the data collected on the data table, calculate the average rate of reaction for each type of tablet to complete the reaction – keep in mind the uncertainties. 20. Make sure to show your work for step 19. 21. Then using the averages that were calculated in step 19, make a bar graph to show the relationships between the tablets. 2. When making the graph the BLANK goes on the x axis and the BLANK goes on the y axis. 23. Using the information from the relationships of the tablets in the graph and the averages, determine the relationship between surface area and the rate of the reaction. Data Collection: Rates of Reaction in Seconds (+0. 1) Whole Half Quarter Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3 Average in Sec Calculations: Step: Whole Half Quarter Powder Average Rates if Reactions in Seconds Add Divide 57. 0+55. 3+58. 5= 42. 2+41. 5+43. 2= 34. 9+41. 1+38. 4= 24. 3+25. 0+24. 6= 170. /3 126. 9/3 114. 4/3 73. 9/3 Final Average 56. 9 42. 4 38. 1 24. 6 57. 0 sec 55. 3 sec 58. 5 sec 56. 9+0. 175% 42. 2 sec 41. 5 sec 43. 2 sec 42. 4+0. 236% 34. 9 sec 41. 1 sec 38. 4 sec 38. 1+0. 263% Powder 24. 3 sec 25. 0 sec 24. 6 sec 24. 6+0. 406% Average Rate of Reaction in Seconds 60. 0000 Rachel Smith 45. 0000 30. 0000 15. 0000 0 Whole Half Quarter Powder Surface Area of the Tablet Pe rcent Uncertainty Calculations Step: Error / Time Multiplied by Percent Error Add Percent 100 Uncertainty Divide by Three Final Percent Uncertainty Whole 1)0. 1/57. 1). 00175 2)0. 1/55. 3 2). 00181 3)0. 1/58. 5 3). 00171 1)0. 1/42. 2 1). 00237 2)0. 1/41. 5 2). 00241 3)0. 1/43. 2 3). 00231 1)0. 1/34. 9 1). 00287 2)0. 1/41. 1 2). 00243 3)0. 1/38. 4 3). 00260 1)0. 1/24. 3 1). 00412 2)0. 1/25. 0 2). 00400 3)0. 1/24. 6 3). 00407 1). 175% 2). 181% 3). 171% 1). 237% 2). 241% 3). 231% 1). 287% 2). 243% 3). 260% 1). 412% 2). 400% 3). 407% .175+. 181 +. 0. 527/3 171= 0. 527 . 237+. 241 +. 0. 709/3 231= 0. 709 . 287+. 243 +. 0. 790/3 260= 0. 790 . 412+. 400 +. 1. 219/3 407= 1. 219 +. 175% Half +. 236% Quarter +. 263% Powder . 406% Graph: Graph Comparing Surface Area to the Average Rate of the Reaction Qualitative Data: ! When the tablet was dropped into the water the tablet began to quickly dissolve resulting in bubbles and the ? zzing of the water. Error Analysis: Rachel Smith ! Systematic er rors include 1) The experimenter not reading from the meniscus line, when determining the amount of water in the graduated cylinder was 80mL and when measuring the temperature of the water, 2) Not allowing the water to reach room temperature 3) The experimenter not completely ? ling the 100mL graduated cylinder with 80mL of water and 4) The experimenter not starting/stopping the timer at the right moment. ! ! Random errors include 1) The experimenter incorrectly reading the graduated cylinder 2) The experimenter losing some of the tablet while trying to cut the tablet into smaller pieces and 3) The experimenter not cutting the tablets into precise pieces. Conclusion & Evaluation: ! The goal of this experiment was to ? nd the relationship between the increasing surface and time.The hypothesis was that as the surface area increased the rate of the reaction would also increase. Through the experiment performed, it is visible through the graph that the hypothesis was proved to be correc t. As the surface area of the tablet increased the rate of reaction did as well. From the original size of the tablet to when the tablet was completely crushed into a powder the amount of time needed to complete the reaction diminished. Ultimately the hypothesis proved to be correct based upon the data retrieved from the experiment.

Wearable Computer

Ever since the development of the ENIGMA (the first digital computer), computers have inspired our imagination. In this period came the World War II code breaking machine designed by Alan Turing, and Von Neuman’s ENIAC which can be called dinosaurs compared to present day PCs. In the earlier days, computers were so huge that it took an entire building, or at least a floor to occupy one. Computers of that era were very slow by today’s standards.In the non-ending struggle to increase computing speed, it was found out that speed of electricity might become a limiting factor in the speed of computation, and so it was a need to lessen the distance that electricity had to travel in order to increase the computing speed. This idea still holds true in modern computing. By the 1970s, computers grew fast enough to process an average user’s applications. But, they continued to occupy considerable amount of space as they were made of solid blocks of iron.The input was done b y means of punch cards, and later came the keyboard, which revolutionalized the market. In 1971 came the 4004, a computer that was finally small in size. The programmability of these systems were quite less. Still, computers had to be plugged directly in to AC outlets, and input and output done by punch cards. These computers were not built keeping users in mind. In fact, the user had to adjust himself with the computer. This was the time when wearable computer (wearcomp) was born.In the 1970s, wearcomp challenged the other PCs with its capability to run on batteries. Wearcomps were a new vision of how computing should be done. Wearable computing showed that man and machine were no more separate concepts, but rather a symbiosis. The wearcomps could become a true extension of one’s mind and body. 1. 1. Definition of â€Å"Wearable Computer† Wearable computing facilitates a new form of human-computer interaction comprising a small body-worn computer that is always on and always ready and accessible.In this regard, the new computational framework differs from that of hand held devices, laptop computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The â€Å"always ready† capability leads to a new form of synergy between human and computer, characterized by long-term adaptation through constancy of user-interface. 1. 2. What is a Wearable Computer? A wearable computer is a computer that is engulfed into the personal space of a user, controlled by the user, and has both operational and interact ional constancy.Most notably, it is a device that is always with the user, and into which the user can always enter commands, and execute a set of such entered commands, and in which the user can do so while walking around or doing other activities. i. e. The wearcomp is a intertwined computer. Unlike wristwatches, regular eyeglasses, wearable radios, etc. the wearcomps are reconfigurable as the regular desktop PCs. Wearable computing can be defined in terms o f its three basic modes of operation and its six fundamental attributes.

Renaissance Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Renaissance Comparison - Essay Example Next to Galatea, hung the Polyphemus, which was very significant as the myth has it that Polyphemus was in love with the nymph Galatea, who did not return his affection. Both painters thus have painted scenes from Classical Literature, and according to E H Gombrich, both painters drew their source from Florentine Angelo Poliziano’s poetryi. Though the Birth of Venus is painted on canvas, â€Å"the figure of Venus appears †¦ almost like a classical statue. The hard modelling of the white shimmering flesh color is reminiscent of marbleii† According to E. H. Gombrich, Raphael had perfected â€Å"the perfect and harmonious composition of freely moving figures†iii According to Koenmanniv, Galatea is painted in the Neoplatonic style, and is â€Å"a secular version of his St. Catherine†. Both painters have different styles. The stance of Venus is not original and draws on the sculpture Venus Pudica, so while Botticelli looked to the past to pull out ideas, Raphael moved away from convention and moved away from the pursuit of Nature, sticking more with the idea of the imagined Beauty in his head. Fra Filippo Lippi was Botticelli’s teacher and in addition to Antonio del Pollaiuolo the painter, and Andrea Del Verrocchio the sculptor, influenced Botticelli. The Humanist Movement influenced Raphael and Galatea represents those

NKCC cotransporter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

NKCC cotransporter - Essay Example Of these NKCC1b is also known to be found in brain RNA (Gamba, 2005). It is noted here, though, that the two isoforms of the NKCC1 cotransporter is found only in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) as per research of Cutler and Cramb, 2002. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that NKCC1, in human and other mammalian species, is functionally implicated in CNS cells. It is observed by Gamba, 2005, that the NKCC1 cotransporter is activated by receptors and assists in neurotransmission by driving anions into the cell. It is also observed by Strange et al, 2000, that the work of the NKCC1 cotransporter complements that of the KCC2 one. The choice of the culture medium, the neuronal-specific CAD cell line, and the somewhat CNS-specific NKCC1 dovetails perfectly for a research attempt that seeks to establish new facts on the molecular identity and other expression patterns of these unique electroneutral cotransporters in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). G. Gamba's excellent 200 5 review article on these cotransporters has been extensively used in this paper because it is the most comprehensive document prepared to date being inclusive of all aspects described so far. The cation-coupled (Sodium and ... The Cation-Coupled Cotransport System The cation-coupled (Sodium and Potassium cations only) chloride cotransporters are a unique transmembranal transport system that is electrically neutral yet very effective in action (Gamba, 2005). These cotransporters constitute a secondary transcellular transport system that complements the primary cation transcellular transport system - the one mediated by the enzyme --ATPase. In the primary system the mover is an electrochemical gradient while in this chloride cotransporter system there is no such gradient, the reason why it has acquired the electroneutral label, and imbalances in chloride anion concentrations between intracellular and extracellular media constitute the prime mover of the system (Gamba, G., 2005). In absorptive and secretory epithelia there is need to transport ions and solutes in and out of the cells. Specific plasma membrane proteins mediate this transport system by either effecting sodium influx and potassium efflux with accompaniment of those ions and/or solutes that need to be transported (Gamba, G., 2005). Except in choroidal plexus, these cations move through the epithelial basolateral membrane mediated by the action of the enzyme --ATPase that creates an electrochemical gradient across the membrane. The plasma proteins mediate this transcellular transport that utilises this gradient to move target ions across the membrane and thus this system is called a secondary one while the enzyme-mediated cation movement is called the primary system. These two component systems together constitute the primary ion transport system across cellular membranes in human physiology (Gamba, G., 2005). On

Operations Research Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operations Research - Case Study Example These components may be: How the company provides service Attitude or behavior of the dealers of the company Does the company meet the deadline of the orders Packing of the supplied items, etc. These factors play vital role in the business of any company. If a company simply considers these components and focus to improve these areas, reputation and goodwill of the company will take a breakthrough obviously. COMPETETIVE FACTORS OF TOYOTA: Toyota is a company manufacturing four wheel vehicles. There can be many key components affecting the performance and progress of Toyota's name. These components include the following: 1. Genuine parts 2. chemicals 3. Toyota Genuine Motor Oil These three components can further be described as following: 1. Break pad kits 2. Oil filters 3. Air cleaner 4. Arm and Bracket 5. Fuel Pump 6. Fuel Filter 7. Spark Plug 8. Genuine Gear Oil 9. Automatic Transmission Fuel 10. Genuine Break Fluid 11. Long Life Oolent 12. Suspension Fluid 13. Different Motor Oils These are the components are the basic components that affect the performance of the vehicles manufactured by Toyota. These 13 parts can be different for different types of vehicles. It is Toyota's Operations strategy how it deals with the miniaturization and production of these all components. Toyota has its competitors such as Suzuki who provides vehicles on comparatively low prices. Now Toyota requires a strong Supply chain to sustain its market. The aim of Toyota is to provide quality products. The company can use different techniques to differentiate its services as better through applying different strategies such as JIT (Just in time) and Supply-Chain Management. COMPETETIVE ELEMENTS OF Ikea: Ikea is a service providing company. It provides home based...If the organization is a manufacturer company, the competitive factors must be the products' components or parts used in manufacturing or preparation of the item/product. Whereas the competitive factors of a service providing company are clearly the elements included in their service. These components may be: These factors play vital role in the business of any company. If a company simply considers these components and focus to improve these areas, reputation and goodwill of the company will take a breakthrough obviously. These are the components are the basic components that affect the performance of the vehicles manufactured by Toyota. These 13 parts can be different for different types of vehicles. It is Toyota's Operations strategy how it deals with the miniaturization and production of these all components. Toyota has its competitors such as Suzuki who provides vehicles on comparatively low prices. Now Toyota requires a strong Supply chain to sustain its market. The aim of Toyota is to provide quality products. There can be many fundamental or key components of Ikea that are most important to be given special focus and attention. The aim and objective of Ikea is to provide their services all over the world. These components might be: "We've had an overriding philosophy in place that we want to produce our vehicles w